Choosing between "master's" and "master's" is more than a spelling check; it is about applying the correct form for the intended meaning. This guide clarifies when to use the possessive and when to use the noun, helping you write with precision in academic and professional contexts.
Below is a structured overview that compares core aspects of the two uses, highlighting grammatical role, typical context, example phrasing, and common pitfalls to avoid.
| Grammatical Role | Typical Context | Example Phrase | Common Pitfall |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular possessive noun | Showing ownership or relation to a person, degree, or institution | master's degree | Confusing possessive with plural |
| Noun referring to the degree or program | Academic programs, admission notices, course titles | master's program | Using apostrophe where it is not needed for the noun form |
| Plural noun without possession | Referring to multiple master's degrees or graduates | three masters | Adding an apostrophe for plurals (masters') when unnecessary |
| Context-dependent possessive plural | Referring to shared ownership by multiple masters | the masters' thesis guidelines | Omitting the apostrophe after plural masters |
Academic Context for Master's Degree
In academic writing, "master's" signals a structured graduate qualification. Adhering to standard formatting ensures clarity for reviewers, admissions officers, and administrators.
Key Academic Settings
- Degree titles such as Master of Science, Master of Arts, or Master of Business Administration
- Program descriptions on university websites and brochures
- Course listings, syllabi, and learning outcomes
Professional Usage in Documents
In resumes, cover letters, and formal communication, "master's" conveys advanced expertise without ambiguity. Precise usage strengthens credibility with employers and clients.
Professional Context Examples
- Credentials sections listing a Master's in Data Science or Master's in Engineering
- Project proposals referencing a master's level specialization
- Client communications that describe team qualifications
Grammar and Apostrophe Rules
The apostrophe in "master's" marks possession or a shortened form of "master is," while "masters" without an apostrophe functions as a plural noun. Understanding this distinction prevents common errors in both formal and informal writing.
Apostrophe Application Guide
- Use "master's" before a noun to show possession, as in master's thesis or master's requirements
- Use "masters" as a plural noun, for example, several masters or the masters presented their findings
- Avoid adding an apostrophe to form plurals, such as master's programs, which should be written as master's programs when indicating more than one program
Practical Recommendations
- Always include the apostrophe in "master's" when indicating a degree, program, or thesis
- Reserve "masters" without punctuation for plural references to people who hold mastery
- Proofread application materials and professional documents to ensure consistent and correct usage
- Consult official university style guides for specific formatting of degree and program names
FAQ
Reader questions
Should I write master's program or masters program on my application?
Write "master's program" because the apostrophe indicates that the program belongs to or is associated with a master's degree.
How do I refer to multiple master's degrees in a resume?
Use the plural form "three master's degrees" to show that you hold more than one degree at the graduate level.
Is it correct to say masters thesis or should I use master's thesis?
Use "master's thesis" because the thesis belongs to the degree, and the apostrophe signals this possessive relationship in academic writing.
When should I use masters without an apostrophe in a sentence?
Use "masters" without an apostrophe when it functions as a plain plural noun, such as when describing several master craftsmen or historical masters in a field.