Texas state information covers the essential facts about the second largest state by both area and population in the United States. This overview highlights why Texas stands out in demographics, economic scale, and regional influence.
From sprawling metros to Gulf Coast shorelines, Texas shapes policy, culture, and industry far beyond its borders. The following sections organize key data, trends, and practical details for residents, visitors, and researchers.
| Category | Key Detail | 2023 Estimate | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Total residents | 29,527,941 | U.S. Census Bureau |
| Capital | State government seat | Austin | Texas State Archives |
| Largest City | Most populous city | HoustonU.S. Census Bureau | |
| Statehood Date | Admitted to the Union | December 29, 1845 | National Archives |
| Area | Total square miles | 268,596 | Texas State Historical Association |
Texas Geography and Climate
Texas geography ranges from coastal wetlands and barrier islands to high plains, deserts, and forested hills, creating varied climate zones across the state.
Regional Climate Patterns
Summers are hot statewide, with coastal areas experiencing higher humidity while inland areas see more extreme temperature swings between day and night.
Economy and Industry in Texas
Energy, technology, agriculture, and aerospace drive a diverse economy that consistently ranks among the largest in the world if treated as a separate country.
Major Employment Sectors
Oil and gas, healthcare, manufacturing, and professional services provide the largest share of jobs, with growth accelerating in data centers and renewable energy.
History and Cultural Heritage
Indigenous nations, Spanish colonization, Mexican rule, and brief independence shaped Texas before it joined the United States, leaving a layered cultural legacy.
Key Historical Milestones
From missions and presidios to the Republic of Texas and modern refineries, the state’s timeline illustrates resilience, migration, and innovation.
Travel and Relocation Considerations
Large metros, widespread suburbs, and rural towns offer distinct cost of living profiles, educational options, and cultural amenities for newcomers.
- Review cost of living differences across major metropolitan areas.
- Research school districts and higher education institutions.
- Understand hurricane and severe weather risks in coastal regions.
- Check employment markets and industry clusters relevant to your field.
FAQ
Reader questions
What is the capital of Texas?
Austin serves as the state capital, hosting the seat of government and many state agencies.
How many people live in Texas?
With over 29.5 million residents, Texas is the second most populous state in the country.
When did Texas become a state?
Texas was admitted to the Union on December 29, 1845.
What are the largest cities in Texas?
Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, Austin, and Fort Worth are the five largest cities by population.